How do I trace an IP address exactly?

If you've been using the Network Tools from Win10, as well as the one in Windows 10 Pro or Enterprise, you can use that tool to check where an IP address is being routed to.

In the "Trace Connection" section, click on the "Select IP addresses to trace." button. Select a location in the map of the world, and click on the "Trace Connections.

If you know the IP address you want to trace, you can enter it here instead of letting Windows automatically select them based on your location. If the destination IP is in the same subnet, simply use netstat -an to find out where the connection is going. However, if the destination IP is not in your subnet, it is likely a router or something else outside of your control.

Is it possible to find the exact location of an IP address?

The easiest way to determine the IP address is if your ISP's DNS servers happen to return the IP address if you send them a request for it.

This happened to me about 5 years ago, in the middle of a phone conversation. After I got off the phone, I asked my router about my IP, and discovered that in that 5-year span, I changed ISPs, so the IP address changed. I have no way of knowing where the old IP address came from or how reliable the ISP's cache is.